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Objective To investigate the effects of different volumes of ropivacaine with the same solubility in supraclavicular brachial plexus block(SCBPB) under ultrasound guidance on ipsilateral diaphragmaticparalysis.Methods Seventy two patients (32 males,40 females, aged 18-65 years, of ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for the right upper limb fracture internal fixation removal were randomized into group A (0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml) and group B (0.375% ropivacaine 30 ml), 36 cases in each group.The onset and duration of sensory and motor block were observed as well as complication.Diaphragmatic excursion were evaluated by M type ultrasound before and 30 min after drug injection under eupnea and forced respiration through observing diaphragmatic excursion to study diaphragmatic paralysis.Results The onset time of sensory block and maintaining time of sensory block or motor block had no significant difference between the two groups.Compared with group A,the onset time of motor block in group B was significantly shorter (P<0.05).Twelve cases (33.3%) in group A and 22 cases (61.1%) in group B respectively showed complete or partial hemidiaphragmatic paralysis 30 min after drug injection.Compared with group A, the rate of diaphragmatic paralysis in group B was significantly higher (P<0.05).Conclusion Supraclavicular brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance with 0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml or 30 ml both can provide excellent anesthetic effect.0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml is less likely to lead to diaphragmatic paralysis.
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Objective To investigate the influence of ropivacaine with isodosage on heart rate variability (HRV ) following interscalene brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance. Methods Forty-five ASA grade Ⅰ patients (28 males,1 7 females,aged 18-50 years)scheduled for upper limb fracture internal fixation removal were randomized into group R1 (0.375% ropivacaine 40ml),group R2(0.5% ropivacaine 30ml)and group R3 (0.75% ropivacaine 20 ml),1 5 in each group.Changes in HRV,such as LF,HF,LF/HF,SDNN,RMSSD,PNN50% were evaluated with dynamic electrocardiogram.The degree and duration of sensory and motor block were recorded 30 min after drug injection.Results The anesthetic effect and maintaining time had no significant difference among the groups.The incidence rate of Horner syndrome had no significant difference among groups,group R1 was 26.7%,group R2 20% and group R3 20%.LF(30 min after drug injection)in both group R2 and group R3 were significantly decreased compared with that before drug injection, and the decreased degree of LF had significant difference among the three groups.SDNN(30 min after drug injection)in group R2 and PNN50% in group R3 were significantly decreased compared with that before drug injection.The time required for LF,the most obvious changeable HRV parameter, returning to the pre injection level was (876.2 +43.7)min for group R1,(798.8 + 61.5 )min for group R2, group R3 (712.2 + 45.7 ) min, the difference between the three groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion ISBPB can affect the stability of the cardiovascular autonomic ac-tivities by reducing the cardiac sympathetic nerve function and increasing parasympathetic nerve func-tion,possibly through blockade of stellate ganglion or branches of vagus nerve.Along with the in-crease of the dose of anesthetic,the influence on HRV is greater.
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Objective To investigate the influence of different volumes of ropivacaine with isod-osage on diaphragmatic excursion following ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients scheduled for right ulnoradial fracture internal fixation removal were randomized into group A (0.5% ropivacaine 20 ml)and group B (0.75% ropivacaine 13.3 ml) (n=30,each).Diaphragmatic excursion were evaluated by M type ultrasound before,1 5 min and 30 min after drug injection. The degree and duration of sensory and motor block were recorded. Results The anesthetic effect and maintain time had no significant difference between groups;Com-pared with group A,group B had lower incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis (P <0.05).There were 28 (93%)and 22 (73%)cases of patients in group A and group B respectively showed reduction of diaphragmatic excursion more than 50% or even complete paralysis 30 min after drug injection (P <0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus with 0.5% ropivacaine 20 ml or 0.75% ropivacaine 13.3 ml both can provide excellent block.Compared with 0.75% ropivacaine 13.3 ml,0.5% ropivacaine 20 ml is more likely to lead to diaphragmatic paralysis.
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Objective To evaluate mivacurium-induced release of histamine in the patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods Eighty patients of both sexes,aged 19-58 yr,weighing 42-75 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing ureteroscopy under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table:rocuronium group (group R) and mivacurium group (group M).Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam 0.04 mg/kg,fentanyl 3 μg/kg,etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,and mivacurium 0.20 mg/kg (group M) or rocuronium 0.75 mg/kg (group R).Streamlined liner of the pharynx airway (SLIPA) was inserted for mechanical ventilation.PET CO2 was maintained at 35-40 mmHg.Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl and propofol.Before muscle relaxant administration,at 3 min after muscle relaxant administration and at 5 min after insertion of SLIPA,venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma histamine concentrations (by HPLC) and the histamine release was classified.Results Compared with group R,the plasma histamine concentration and histamine release were increased at 3 min after muscle relaxant administration in group M.No fatal responses caused by histamine release were found in the two groups.Conclusion Although mivacurium induces release of histamine,it can still be safely used for the patients undergoing ureteroscopy under general anesthesia.
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We reviewed the fermentation for dihydroxyacetone production. Microbial fermentation is better for dihydroxyacetone production as compared to chemical methods. Gluconobacter oxydans was recognized as the most important strain for industrial production of dihydroxyacetone. The dihydroxyacetone yield is associated with many factors such as substrate, product, oxygen and biomass concentration. Repeated fed-batch fermentation and immobilization fermentation were recognized as the most potential process in various fermentation mode. Construction of recombinant microorganism and optimization of process are future directions of dihydroxyacetone production.
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Dihydroxyacetone , Fermentation , Gluconobacter oxydans , Metabolism , Industrial MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective To develop a new multi-purpose face mask for oxygen provision in first aid,which can be used in both war time and peace time.Methods The structure,operating principle and application of a multi-purpose face mask,whose transparent silicone mask body has even the entrance of nested endoscopy and oxygen concentration regulating twist,are introduced in this paper.Results This mask can be used in painless endoscopy and emergent oxygen supply in tracheal intubatton.Conclusion The mask can greatly enhance the safety of painless endoscopy and it can also be used as mask for the use of general anesthesia.
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To increase patint anesthesia safety, a device for anesthesia respiratory circle and montoring line fixation is designed. The device is composed of the railroad, cardan shaft, union join and fixation plate. Being simple, flexible, reliable and easy to use and store, it has a brilliant perspective in clinical application.